Furnace wall



July 24, 1923.

M; LIPTAK Fil d July 6 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 24, 1923.

M. LIPTAK FURNACE WALL s She ets-Sheet 5 Filed July 6, 1920 frg// w 92./ a f b m a b a 0 O, 2 M 7 7 2 m 2 2 2 2 0. ID. 2 M% a m z m m 0. w. lb 2 a- C, b. d. O 2 2 2 2 2 a m 2 2 2 2 v 2. pa n 2 4 2 m m \(L L Mm HEC .R m

July 24, 1923.

il d July 6, 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 July 24, 1923. 1,463,044

M. LIPTAK I FURNACE WAIJL Filed Jply 6 1920 I 5 Sheets-Sheet s 'zojw' ZPatented July 24, 1923.

UNITED STATES.

A 1,463,044 PATENT OFFICE.

MICHAEL LIPTAK, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOE TO A. P. GREEN FIREBRICK COMPANY, OF MEXICO, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION OF MISSOURI.

FURNACE WALL.

Application filed July 6, 1920.

' the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

My present invention has for its object to provide certain importantimprovements in a construction of furnace walls; that is, of walls thatmust withstand intense heat. Such walls are used in connection withboiler settings. a

It has been customary. to build such walls partly of fire brick andpartly of ordinary brick, with the fire brick on the inner orheat-exposed side; but in such older constructions, the fire bricks,which form the inner facing portion of the wall, have been tiedor builtinto or interlapped with the ordinary bricks of the main portion of thewall in such manner that replacing of the fire bricks, when-burned away,has been very difficult, requiring not only removal of the -fire bricks,but tearing away of more 0 less of the main wall. a

My invention provides an. interlocking scheme or 'system whereby thefire bricks. which constitute the inner facing wall, may

be disconnected from and interlocked with certain of the bricks orblocks of the main wall without disturbing the latter. The variousfeatures of my invention, whereby the above noted and other advantagesare obtained, are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein likecharacters indicate like parts throughout the several views. Referringto the drawings: 7 Fig. l isa perspective viewshowing a portion of aWall designed in accordance with my invention; 1: v

Fig. 2is a perspective viewshow'ing a portion of the main wall and someof the intelrlocking elements of the inner facing wal Fig. 3 is a detailin perspective showing thrleie of the lock tiles or blocks of a main WaI Fig. 4 is a detail in perspective showing three of the lock blocks orbricks of the inner wall; 1

Serial No. 394,112.

Fig. 5 is a perspectiveview showing a portion of the main wall with theinner wall removed therefrom;

Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to-Fig. 5, but illustrating a slightlymodified arrangement Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a portion ofthe main wall built up entirely of lock blocks or tiles;

F ig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view illus trating substantialilythe sameconstruction that is shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, but modified toform a circular or cylin drical wall;

Fig. 8 is a perspective view illustrating substantially the constructionillustrated in Figs. 'l'to 5, inclusive, modified to form an outerfacing wall as well as an inner facing wall, both of said facing wallsbeing locked to the main intermediate wall;

-Fig. 9 is aperspective view illustrating-f a further modification ofthe wall shown in Fig. 8; a

Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing three lock blocks or tiles of theintermediate main wall illustrated in Fig. 9;

F ig. 11 is a plan view of a wall designed as shown in Figs. 1 to 5,inclusive, but with .the bricks or blocks of the main facing wall laidtogether without an. air space between the same;

Fig. 12 is a view corresponding to F is. 11 .but showing insulatingmaterial in the spafie between the main and inner facingwa i Fig. 13 isa detail in perspective illustrating slightly modified forms of the lor:

blocks of the main and inner facing wall:

Fig. 14 is a perspective view'showizr': three lock blocks of the innerfacing wall properly assembled;

Fig. 15 is a view corresponding to Fitr. 14, but showing the threeblocks separated vertically Fig. 16 is a fragmentary plan viewillustrating a modified form of the wall;

Fig. 17 is adetail in perspective showing two properly assembledlock-bricks or tiles formedindependently of and adapted to interlockwith lock blocks or tiles of the main and inner facing wall; and

Fig. 18 is a perspective view showing a portion of a wall of stillfurther modified construction.

The wall illustrated in Figs. l'to 5, in-

elusive, will first be described, but before proceeding with the detaildescription thereof, the following statement should be made:

In accordance with my invention, the main wall may be a permanentstructure, which may be re-lined with the fire bricks or inner facingwall as often as the latter may need replacing. From a broad point ofview, this main wall may, in some instances, be made up of speciallyconstructed lock blocks or tiles, but, as a very important. featurewithin the generic scheme, I employ these look blocks or tiles atintervals or different places, and for the main body of the main wall, Iemploy ordinary or commercial brick. Moreover, in the inner facing wall,I use, at certain intervals or different places, fire bricks or tiles,the bodies of which are of the size of commercial fire brick, but areprovided with projecting headed necks for inter locking engagement withthe lock blocks or tiles of the main wall; and the main body portion ofthe inner facing wall is built up of standard or ordinary fire bricks.

In Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, the commercial bricks of the main wall areindicated by the numeral 19, the lock blocks or tiles of said main wallby the numeral 20, the commercial fire bricks of the inner facing wallby the numeral 21, and the specially constructed lock blocks or bricksby the numeral 22. The bricks 19 of the main wall and the lock blocks ortiles 20 may be laid in cement or mortar or in any other suitablebindingmaterial. Of course, the commercial brick 19 may, when desired,also be fire brick, and the blocks 20 may be of fire brick tile.

The bricks 21 and 22 might, in some instances, be laid loosely together,but advisably are laid in fire clay or high temperature cement. Thebricks and blocks above noted are laid in horizontal course and withlapped joints. The lock blocks or tiles 20 are preferably of the samedimension transversely of the wall as the bricks 19, but, in a directionlongitudinally of the wall, they are much wider. Also, the verticaldimensions or thickness of the bricks 19 and locks 20 should be thesame. The lock bricks or blocks 22 are the same thickness as the firebricks 21, and are preferably of approximately the same width.

The lock blocks 20 are formed with vertical passages 20, that affordlock head seats to receive lock heads 22 on the projecting outer ends ofthe lock blocks 22. The lock head seats 20 are open at the inner edgesof the blocks 20 through contracted head entrance throats 20 that leavelock shoulders 20 on each side of the seat 20 The lock heads 22 of thelock blocks or bricks 22, are connected thereto by slightly contractedneck portions 22 that. form a lock shoulder 22 at one side of said head.

The following important relation of parts should be noted:

The entrance throats 20 are slightly wider than the heads 22 so that thelatter may be inserted therethrough by endwise movements of the blocks22; the lock shoulders 22, of the blocks 22, are engaged with one or theother of the lock shoulders 20 by lateral movements of said blocks 22after their heads 22 have been inserted into the respective seats 20?;the length of the necks 22 is such that, when the blocks areinterlocked, as best shown in Fig. 1, an air space 23 will be formedbetween the main and the inner facing wall; and when the two walls arebuilt up, the lock blocks 22 will be held positively against lateral orhorizontal movement, and hence, will be maintained in interlockingengagement with the co-oper'ating lock blocks 20. Preferably, there isconsiderable clearance between the extreme outer ends of the heads 22 ofthe blocks 22 and the outer wall of the seats 20, so that there will beno binding action between the interlocked blocks, due either toexpansion or to replacements.

In the preferred arrangement, the lock seats 20 are located considerablynearer one end than the other of the respective blocks 20, and the necks22 of the blocks 22 are formed by reducing the blocks at one edge only,leaving the other edge straight. This gives the proper arrangement whenthe alternate or vertically adjacent blocks 20 are offset to form lappedjoints with the bricks 19 and successively reversed end for end. (seeparticularly Fig. 3, but note also Fig. 5, which shows that the blocks20 thus set have their seats 20 and necks 20 in vertical alignment).

The lock blocks 22 of'the inner facing wall are also offset to formlapped joints with the fire bricks 21, and are turned alternately withtheir lock shoulders 22 on opposite sides, so that the verticallyadjacent blocks 22 will have their lock shoulders 22 engaged withshoulders 20 that are on opposite sides of the vertical channel formedby the necks 20*, (see particularly Fig 2 and 4:).

In Fig. 5, the lock blocks 20 are laid so that the vertical channelsformed by the necks 2O thereof, instead of running from top to thebottom of the wall, are set so as to form laterally offset verticalchannels.

Fig. 6 illustrates a main wall made entirely of the lock blocks or tiles20.

Fig. 7 illustrates exactly the same construction as illustrated in Figs.1 to 5, inclusive, except that the bricks and blocks are slightlytapered and the wall is laid in circular form; and hence, in this view,corresponding partsare indicated by the same characters that are used inthe description of Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive.

The wall illustrated in Fig. 8 involves all that is illustrated in Figs.1 to 5, inclusive,

in so far as it includes the main wall and the inner facing wall, butincludes also a second facing wall, so that it is adapted for use as adivision wall between two furnaces.

I Hence, the blocks of the two facing walls are lndicated by the samecharacters. rangement, as will be noted, requires some of This arthelock blocks 20 to be set with their entrance throats 20 facing inwardand others to be set with their throats facing outward. In theconstruction illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10, the two facing walls areformed of the same blocks or bricks as in the corresponding wallsillustrated in Fig. 8, but the main or permanent wall, as shown, iscomposed of bricks 19 and double facing lock blocks or tiles 20. Theseblocks 20 are provided at both sides with the seats 20 entrance throats20 and lock shoulders 20?.

The wall structure illustrated in Fig. 11

i is like that illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, except that thenecks 22 of the lock blocks 22, are so short that the blocks of the mainand inner facing wall are brought closely. together.

The wall structure illustrated in Fig. 12 is like that illustrated inFigs. 1 to 5,inclusive, except that the airspace between the main andinner facing wall is filled with insulating material 24.

The construction illustrated in Figs. 13, 14 and 15 differs from theconstruction illustrated in Figs. lto 5, inclusive, only in that theanchoring blocks 20 are provided with lock head seats 20* with entrancethroats 2O having lock shoulders 20 on one side only, and further, inthat one of each two adjacent lock blocks 22 has its ofi'set portion 22on the opposite edge from its shoulder 22.

Figs. 16 and 17 show a wall ,structure in which both the outer orpermanent wall and the inner facing wall are built up of the lock.blocks20 having the'seats 20 entrance throat 20 and shoulders 20 formedtherein,

as already described. In this arrangement,

the inner and outer blocks are locked .together by independently formedlock blocks or bricks 25, each provided on one side and at both endswith shoulder-forming lugs 26 adapted to interlock with the shoulders 20of the blocks 20. The wide ends of these blocks 25 will pass freelythrough the throats 20 and their lugs 26 are, as is obvious,

adapted to be interlocked with the shoulders 20 by lateral movement.Adjacent blocks 25 are laid with their lugs 26 projecting in oppositedirection, so that they alternate their engagement with the lock blocks20, (note particularly Fig. 17).

In the wall structure shown in Fig. 18, the permanent outer wall is thesame as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, and in Fig. 12, theinsulating material 24 of Fig. 12

being also here shown. The lock blocks 22- here employed are preciselylike the blocks 22 in that they have the same head and neck structures,except thattheir body portions flare inwardly, so as to leave-dove-tailspaces between adjacent columns of said blocks. These dove-tail spacesare filled in,

placed, while the outer main wall is seldom;

destroyed or damaged by heat, but, in the oldsystem of making repairs,is usually very greatly damaged and frequently destroyed in makingrepairs. WVith myimproved interlocking arrangement of blocks, the entireinnerfacing fire brick wall, or any portion thereof, may be readilyreplaced ,without in any way damaging the permanent wall.

While the inner facing wall built up of the' fire bricks and blocks: issomewhat superior to the filled in wall illustrated in Fig. 18,nevertheless, the latter is sufiiciently good for many purposes andwould use up broken fire bricks removed in making repairs andWlllCl'l-WOIlld, 0therw1se, be waste. Inall oftheseveral forms, thepermanent-main wall and the inner facing wall are inter locked sothatthere is no possibility of splitting the two walls imder the actionof heat or other forcesto which they are subjected in practice.Furthermore, new walls.

as well as repairs, may be very quickly built up. The most practicalform of wall is, undoubtedly, the one in which the maximum n unber of.commercial bricks, either fire bricks or common bricks, are employedwith. just enough of the specially constructed interlocking blocks toprovide the required bonding of the permanent and replaceable walls.Figs. 1 to 5, in particular, illustrate suchconstruction. WVhere door.spaces are to be formed, they would be made between adjacent columns ofinterlocking blocks, by the omission of commercial bricks at the properplace. or places- It is important to note that the interlocking of thehead-equipped necks on the blocks of the displaceable inner wall withthe lock seats in certain of the blocks in the outer or permanent wallis accomplished by movements of the head-equipped blocks in the spacebetween immediately adjacent lower and upper layers of blocks or bricks.In the particular construction illustrated, the interlocking of theheads and seats is accomplished by a lateral horizontal movement of thehead-equipped block and the heads are brought to positions of alignmentwith the seats by horizontal endwise movements of'said blocks, whichcarry the heads through the entrance threats that lead to the lockseats.

7 It is important to note that the blocks 22, when adjacent bricks 21are removed, are adapted to be interlocked with or disconnected from theco-operating blocks 20 by movements in the direction of the plane ofsaid blocks. Or, otherwise stated, by movements at right angles to ortransversely of the entrance throats and head seats of the blocks 20 ofthe permanent outer wall. In Fig. 8, the wall heretofore, forconvenience, designated as a permanent outer wall, becomes a permanentcentral wall; but is, nevertheless, an outer wall in respect to eachreplaceable facing or inner wall.

' What I claim is:

1. A wall structure made up of a main masonry outer wall and areplaceable inner facing wall, one of said walls including blocks havinglock head seats with entrance throats loading thereto, and the otherwall including blocks having necks formed. with lock heads, said headsbeing insertab-le into and removable from interlocking engagement withsaid seats by movement in the wall in the space between immediatelyadjacent lower and upper layers of blocks or bricks.

2. A wall structure made up of a main masonry wall and a replaceablefacing wall, one of said walls including blocks having lock head seatswith entrance throats lea-ding thereto and the other wall includingblocks having necks formed with heads,"said heads being insertable intoand removable from interlocking engagement with said seats by movementin the wall in a plane transverselv of said entrance throat and seat,the said interlocking block's being held interlocked when adjacentblocks of the replaceable wall are in position.

3. A wall structure made up of a permanent main Wall and a replaceableinner tacing wall, one of said walls comprising lock blocks with lockhead seats and entrance throats leading thereto from one edge, and theother wall comprising blocks with necks formed with lock heads, theheads of said latter blocks being insertable into and removable frominterlocking engagement with said seats, through said necks,

when adjacent blocks or bricks are removed, but being held interlockedwhen the adjacent blocks or bricks are in position, said seat-equippedblocks being built in columns and the space between the columns beingfilled in with commercial bricks, and said head-equipped blocks beingbuilt in columns and the space between said latter noted columns beingfilled in with commercial fire bricks.

4. A wall structure made up of a permament main wall and a replaceableinner facing wall, one of said walls comprising lock blocks with lockhead seats and entrance throats leading thereto from one edge, and theother wall comprising block with necks formed with lock heads, the headsof said latter blocks being insertable into and removable frominterlocking engagement with said seats, through said necks, whenadjacent blocks or bricks are re moved, but being held interlocked whenthe adjacent blocks or bricks are in position. the seats of the firstnoted necks being nearer to one end than to the other, said seatequippedblocks being built in columns with their ends alternately staggered andthe space between the columns being filled in with commercial bricks,and said headequipped blocks being built in columns and the spacebetween said latter noted columns being filled in with commercial firebricks.

5. A wall structure including a main or permanent masonry wall and areplaceable facing wall, said permanent wall being formed wall, saidpermanent wall being formed with lock-head seats with entrance throatsleading thereto, and the other wall including blocks with lock-heads.said heads being insertable into said lock-head seats by endwisemovements of the blocks having said heads and the said heads beingmovable into and removable from interlocking engagement with the saidseats, by movements in a plane that extends transversely of the entrancethroats of said seats, the interlocking blocks being held interlockedwhen adjacent elements of the wall are in position.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

MICHAEL LIPTAK.

